Relationship between the frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in early-onset nosocomial pneumonia (EOP)# versus the overall frequency of MDR pathogens causing hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
| First author [ref.] | MDR in EOP % | MDR in HAP overall % |
| Montravers [49] | Similar to overall | 34 |
| Leroy [50] | 19 | 30 |
| Ferrer [19] | 26 | |
| Perbet [51] | Similar to overall | |
| Restrepo [20] | 27.8 | 30 |
| Martin-Loeches [18] | 51 | 57 |
| Arvanitis [52] | 10 | 25 |
| Verhamme [53] | 52 |
#: EOP was defined as occurring ≤5 days after admission.